Planning research in Europe – cities in AESOP 2018

Last week the annual conference of European planning schools took place in Gothenburg. Presenters came from a many parts of Europe and beyond. However, not surprisingly, most contributions came from traditionally heavy visibly research environments in planning as the UK and the Netherlands. The map below shows the appearance of European cities in the conference programme. Cities are limited to those included in Eurostat’s Urban Audit database with at least 100,000 inhabitants.

Single cities mentioned at least 15 times are London, Stockholm, Gothenburg, Amsterdam, Helsinki/Espoo, Rotterdam/Delft, Dortmund, Lisbon, Paris and Vienna. Copenhagen, including Frederiksberg, Lyngby and Roskilde, was represented 13 times which is quite more than back in 2013 (though the data might not be 1:1 comparable).

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Digitale plandata – program online

Now the programme for the seminar on research perspectives in digital plan data is online. There will a couple of presentations in English, some more and a panel debate in Danish – everybody interested is welcome to join – registration per e-mail to me latest on 24 June.

Research seminar on digital plan data

Since 2006, all plans mentioned in the Danish planning law are registered in the digital plan database plandata.dk. This includes all currently effective 34,000 local development plans as well as over 50,000 zoning designations from municipal plans. Besides a range of metadata and basic info on the plans content, the explict geographic extent of each plan element is available as geodata and can be downloaded. This opens up for new research perspectives, e.g. regarding the evaluation of plans and planning, comparison of planning practice as well as more critical discussion on what that data actually illustrates or how it influences planning.

On 27 June we will hold a little research seminar on digital plan data with Danish researches and practitioners as well as guests from Norway, where they have a similar plan register. The seminar takes place at the University of Copenhagen and is funded by the Centre of Strategic Urban Research.

More to cycle than to buy a car in the future in Beijing

Chunli Zhao, a former PhD student at our department just published an article on attitudes towards cycling and buying a car in the future in Beijing, which some colleagues and I were co-authoring. The paper reports on an extensive transport behaviour survey taken in Beijing in 2014. Beijing has experienced an extreme increase in car ownership in recent years, resulting in severe traffic congestion and frequent heavy smog. But it seems that there is hope for a future of cycling in the city. Attitudes towards future cycling are general positive (see table below), even beneath car owners.

The study also shows that cycling space, distances and cycling policy influences attitudes towards future cycling. On the other hand, many respondents are planning to buy a car in the future (if they get the possibility), indicating a further increase in car traffic in the city.

 

 

Cities’ virtual size – Facebook accounts in Danish cities

A couple of years ago we took a close look at the state of Danish small towns. A very small part of the study also discussed the virtual presence of those cities, e.g. the number of Facebook accounts. For a recent seminar I put a bunch of maps on the development of Danish cities together including two on Facebook accounts. The first maps shows the number of Facebook accounts, where users have registered the particular city as their place of residence, in relation to the number of inhabitants as counted by Statistics Denmark. Especially the big cities have a relatively lower number of ‘Facebook citizens’ than of ‘real’ citizens, while this is the other way round for some of the smaller cities. Despite not knowing how Facebook actually counts, we could hypothesize that smaller places have a relatively stronger identity where people from neighbouring rural areas also choose the nearest city for their profile, while in bigger cities, more people choose districts or suburban municipalities (which are actually grown together and therefore statistically are not separated anymore) as place of residence in their Facebook profiles.

All Danish cities above 10,000 inhabitants / Size of the circle shows number of ‘Facebook citizens’, colour shows that in relation to registered (‘real’) citizens (dark blue: more than 10% more FB citizens than real residents, light blue: +/- 10% more visitors, white: more than 10% more real residents than FB citizens)

The second map shows the number of ‘Facebook citizens’ in relation to Facebook users who ‘recently’ have been in that place. All the blue coloured cities had more “Facebook visitors” than “Facebook citizens”. Again, we do not know how Facebook calculates that number – probably registering the location where people login from to Facebook. So this could be people working in the city, visitors or just people who traveled through the place. Regarding Danish cities it is interesting that some suburban towns to Copenhagen and Aarhus but also some towns along the important transport corridors down to Germany stand out. I think this gives some interesting alternative views on the urban structure of Denmark and its functional regions.

All Danish cities above 10,000 inhabitants / Size of the circle shows number of ‘Facebook citizens’, colour shows that in relation to nubmer of ‘Facebook visitors’ (dark blue: more than 50% more visitors than residents, light blue: up to 50% more visitors, white: less visitors than residents)

Copenhagen’s Fingerplan under review

In 2007 a modern version of the famous Fingerplan of Copenhagen from 1947 became a national directive. Since it has be adapted in 2013 and 2017 and is currently again in review, called the “Fingerplan revision phase 2“.  The ministry is working on a draft which we will be out for public consultation probably in a few months. However, this time the ministry opened up for changes of more general principles of the plan  and initiated a broader discussion, e.g. during a recent conference or by asking municipalities to send in their concrete ideas and wishes for the new plan. Municipalities sent in around 150 comments ranging from different zoning changes to more general ideas of the extent of the urban area in the plan or also general statements of support for particular elements of the plan. A colleague of mine wrote a blogpost on his concern regarding a potential diminishing of the green wedges (in Danish). In the same blog, another comment regards the challenges for current and future transport patterns, which are different from the original idea of Fingerplan – less in-out of the city centre and more crisscrossing the whole region, arguing for a general coordination council. A joint spatial vision on the regional scale, e.g. in regards of urban and transport planning or nature and recreation, would be necessary to evaluate also minor changes and there impacts.

The map above shows the approx. location of the comments. You can find the full list on the ministries homepage.

Waste and tourism in 500 European cities

In a new EU research project, URBAN WASTE, we are working with waste behaviour and management in touristic cities. One of the first tasks was to collect data for a status quo assessement with waste and tourism key indicators. There are 11 partner cities/regions in the project which are quite diverse. To put their diversity in a bigger context, I compared municipal waste data and tourist overnight stays of the case cities and 500 other European cities, based on data from Urban Audit. The figure below shows the cities’ location on those two axes as well as the population size.

 

The median for municipal waste per inhabitant is about a half ton per year. The median overnight stays per inhabitant is at 2.6. Some the Urban Waste cases (black circles) are very touristic places, e.g. Puerto de la Cruz and Arona (both on Tenerife) which actually have more than 100 annual overnight stays per inhabitant. They are also above the median of waste production.